W11: 工作流重塑 (Oil & Keymap)

使用 Oil.nvim 管理文件系统, 深度抽象你的按键映射体系以实现极致的心流一致性.

1. Oil.nvim: 文件即 Buffer

传统文件树 (NvimTree, NERDTree) 需要学习专用操作. Oil.nvim 将目录显示为普通 Buffer, 用 Vim 原生操作管理文件.

1.1 核心理念

传统文件树:
  - 专用快捷键 (a=新建, d=删除, r=重命名)
  - 需要额外记忆

Oil.nvim:
  - 目录 = Buffer
  - 编辑文件名 = 重命名
  - 删除行 = 删除文件
  - 剪切粘贴行 = 移动文件
  - 使用 Vim 原生操作

1.2 安装配置

-- plugins/oil.lua
return {
    {
        "stevearc/oil.nvim",
        dependencies = { "nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons" },
        keys = {
            { "-", "<cmd>Oil<CR>", desc = "Open parent directory" },
            { "<leader>e", "<cmd>Oil<CR>", desc = "File explorer" },
        },
        opts = {
            default_file_explorer = true,
            columns = {
                "icon",
                -- "permissions",
                -- "size",
                -- "mtime",
            },
            view_options = {
                show_hidden = true,
            },
            keymaps = {
                ["g?"] = "actions.show_help",
                ["<CR>"] = "actions.select",
                ["-"] = "actions.parent",
                ["_"] = "actions.open_cwd",
                ["`"] = "actions.cd",
                ["~"] = "actions.tcd",
                ["gs"] = "actions.change_sort",
                ["gx"] = "actions.open_external",
                ["g."] = "actions.toggle_hidden",
                ["g\\"] = "actions.toggle_trash",
            },
            use_default_keymaps = true,
            float = {
                padding = 2,
                max_width = 80,
                max_height = 30,
            },
        },
    },
}

1.3 基本操作

操作	方法
打开目录	`-` 或 `<leader>e`
进入目录	`<CR>`
返回上级	`-`
新建文件	新建一行输入文件名, `:w` 保存
新建目录	新建一行输入 `dirname/`, `:w`
重命名	直接编辑文件名, `:w`
删除	`dd` 删除行, `:w`
移动	`dd` 剪切, 到目标目录 `p` 粘贴, `:w`
复制	`yy` 复制, 到目标目录 `p` 粘贴, `:w`

1.4 批量操作

" 批量重命名
1. 打开目录
2. 可视选择多行
3. :s/old/new/g 批量替换
4. :w 保存

" 批量移动
1. 打开源目录
2. dd 或可视选择 + d 剪切多个文件
3. - 返回上级, 进入目标目录
4. p 粘贴
5. :w 保存

2. 按键映射体系

随着插件增多, 需要建立语义化的快捷键层级.

2.1 映射分层设计

-- 使用 <leader> 前缀组织
-- <leader>f: Find / Files
-- <leader>g: Git
-- <leader>l: LSP
-- <leader>b: Buffer
-- <leader>w: Window
-- <leader>t: Toggle / Tab
-- <leader>x: Trouble / Diagnostics
-- <leader>s: Search / Session
-- <leader>h: Harpoon

2.2 完整映射示例

-- core/keymaps.lua
local keymap = vim.keymap.set
local opts = { noremap = true, silent = true }

-- Leader
vim.g.mapleader = " "

-- === 基础操作 ===
keymap("n", "<leader>w", ":w<CR>", { desc = "Save" })
keymap("n", "<leader>q", ":q<CR>", { desc = "Quit" })
keymap("n", "<leader>x", ":x<CR>", { desc = "Save and quit" })
keymap("n", "<Esc>", ":noh<CR>", { desc = "Clear search" })

-- === Buffer (b) ===
keymap("n", "<leader>bd", ":bdelete<CR>", { desc = "Delete buffer" })
keymap("n", "<leader>bn", ":bnext<CR>", { desc = "Next buffer" })
keymap("n", "<leader>bp", ":bprev<CR>", { desc = "Prev buffer" })
keymap("n", "<S-l>", ":bnext<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<S-h>", ":bprev<CR>", opts)

-- === Window (w) ===
keymap("n", "<leader>wv", ":vsplit<CR>", { desc = "Vertical split" })
keymap("n", "<leader>wh", ":split<CR>", { desc = "Horizontal split" })
keymap("n", "<leader>wc", ":close<CR>", { desc = "Close window" })
keymap("n", "<leader>wo", ":only<CR>", { desc = "Close others" })
keymap("n", "<leader>w=", "<C-w>=", { desc = "Equal size" })
keymap("n", "<C-h>", "<C-w>h", opts)
keymap("n", "<C-j>", "<C-w>j", opts)
keymap("n", "<C-k>", "<C-w>k", opts)
keymap("n", "<C-l>", "<C-w>l", opts)

-- === Find (f) - Telescope ===
keymap("n", "<leader>ff", "<cmd>Telescope find_files<CR>", { desc = "Find files" })
keymap("n", "<leader>fg", "<cmd>Telescope live_grep<CR>", { desc = "Live grep" })
keymap("n", "<leader>fb", "<cmd>Telescope buffers<CR>", { desc = "Buffers" })
keymap("n", "<leader>fr", "<cmd>Telescope oldfiles<CR>", { desc = "Recent files" })
keymap("n", "<leader>fs", "<cmd>Telescope lsp_document_symbols<CR>", { desc = "Symbols" })
keymap("n", "<leader>fd", "<cmd>Telescope diagnostics<CR>", { desc = "Diagnostics" })

-- === Git (g) ===
keymap("n", "<leader>gg", "<cmd>LazyGit<CR>", { desc = "LazyGit" })
keymap("n", "<leader>gc", "<cmd>Telescope git_commits<CR>", { desc = "Commits" })
keymap("n", "<leader>gb", "<cmd>Telescope git_branches<CR>", { desc = "Branches" })
keymap("n", "<leader>gs", "<cmd>Telescope git_status<CR>", { desc = "Status" })
keymap("n", "]h", "<cmd>Gitsigns next_hunk<CR>", { desc = "Next hunk" })
keymap("n", "[h", "<cmd>Gitsigns prev_hunk<CR>", { desc = "Prev hunk" })

-- === LSP (l) ===
keymap("n", "<leader>ld", vim.lsp.buf.definition, { desc = "Definition" })
keymap("n", "<leader>lr", vim.lsp.buf.references, { desc = "References" })
keymap("n", "<leader>li", vim.lsp.buf.implementation, { desc = "Implementation" })
keymap("n", "<leader>lR", vim.lsp.buf.rename, { desc = "Rename" })
keymap("n", "<leader>la", vim.lsp.buf.code_action, { desc = "Code action" })
keymap("n", "<leader>lf", vim.lsp.buf.format, { desc = "Format" })

-- === Toggle (t) ===
keymap("n", "<leader>te", "<cmd>Oil<CR>", { desc = "File explorer" })
keymap("n", "<leader>tt", "<cmd>ToggleTerm<CR>", { desc = "Terminal" })
keymap("n", "<leader>tn", function()
    vim.opt.relativenumber = not vim.opt.relativenumber:get()
end, { desc = "Toggle relative numbers" })

2.3 which-key 集成

-- plugins/which-key.lua
return {
    {
        "folke/which-key.nvim",
        event = "VeryLazy",
        opts = {
            plugins = { spelling = true },
        },
        config = function(_, opts)
            local wk = require("which-key")
            wk.setup(opts)

            wk.register({
                ["<leader>f"] = { name = "+find" },
                ["<leader>g"] = { name = "+git" },
                ["<leader>l"] = { name = "+lsp" },
                ["<leader>b"] = { name = "+buffer" },
                ["<leader>w"] = { name = "+window" },
                ["<leader>t"] = { name = "+toggle" },
                ["<leader>h"] = { name = "+harpoon" },
            })
        end,
    },
}

按 <leader> 后会显示可用的快捷键提示.

3. 效率三剑客 (Efficiency Trinity)

除了 UI 和资源管理, 以下三个插件是现代 Neovim 编辑效率的核心支柱.

3.1 Surround: 环绕控制 (kylechui/nvim-surround)

专门用于处理成对的符号 (引号、括号、HTML 标签).

" 助记: ys{motion}{char} - Add surround
"      ds{char}         - Delete surround
"      cs{target}{new}  - Change surround

" 示例: hello → "hello"
ysiw"

" 示例: [hello] → {hello}
cs[{

" 示例: <div>hello</div> → <p>hello</p>
cst<p>

3.2 Comment: 智能注释 (numToStr/Comment.nvim)

基于 Treesitter 的智能注释, 能够识别嵌套语言 (如 HTML 里的 JS).

" gcc  - 注释当前行
" gbc  - 块注释当前行
" gc{motion} - 注释动作范围
" 可视模式下 gc 批量注释

3.3 Autopairs: 自动配对 (windwp/nvim-autopairs)

输入左括号自动补全右括号, 并在按回车时智能缩进.

-- plugins/autopairs.lua
return {
    "windwp/nvim-autopairs",
    event = "InsertEnter",
    opts = {}
}

4. UI 增强

4.1 Lualine 状态栏

-- plugins/lualine.lua
return {
    {
        "nvim-lualine/lualine.nvim",
        event = "VeryLazy",
        dependencies = { "nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons" },
        opts = {
            options = {
                theme = "catppuccin",
                component_separators = "|",
                section_separators = { left = "", right = "" },
            },
            sections = {
                lualine_a = { "mode" },
                lualine_b = { "branch", "diff", "diagnostics" },
                lualine_c = { { "filename", path = 1 } },
                lualine_x = { "encoding", "fileformat", "filetype" },
                lualine_y = { "progress" },
                lualine_z = { "location" },
            },
        },
    },
}

4.2 主题配置

-- plugins/colorscheme.lua
return {
    {
        "catppuccin/nvim",
        name = "catppuccin",
        lazy = false,
        priority = 1000,
        opts = {
            flavour = "mocha",  -- latte, frappe, macchiato, mocha
            integrations = {
                cmp = true,
                gitsigns = true,
                nvimtree = true,
                telescope = true,
                treesitter = true,
                which_key = true,
            },
        },
        config = function(_, opts)
            require("catppuccin").setup(opts)
            vim.cmd.colorscheme("catppuccin")
        end,
    },
}

4.3 缩进线

return {
    {
        "lukas-reineke/indent-blankline.nvim",
        event = { "BufReadPost", "BufNewFile" },
        main = "ibl",
        opts = {
            indent = { char = "│" },
            scope = { enabled = true },
            exclude = {
                filetypes = { "help", "dashboard", "lazy", "mason" },
            },
        },
    },
}

4.4 通知美化

return {
    {
        "rcarriga/nvim-notify",
        opts = {
            timeout = 3000,
            max_height = function()
                return math.floor(vim.o.lines * 0.75)
            end,
            max_width = function()
                return math.floor(vim.o.columns * 0.75)
            end,
        },
        config = function(_, opts)
            require("notify").setup(opts)
            vim.notify = require("notify")
        end,
    },
}

5. 完整配置示例

5.1 目录结构

~/.config/nvim/
├── init.lua
├── lazy-lock.json
└── lua/
    ├── core/
    │   ├── options.lua
    │   ├── keymaps.lua
    │   └── autocmds.lua
    └── plugins/
        ├── init.lua
        ├── lsp.lua
        ├── completion.lua
        ├── treesitter.lua
        ├── telescope.lua
        ├── oil.lua
        ├── git.lua
        ├── ui.lua
        └── which-key.lua

5.2 init.lua

-- ~/.config/nvim/init.lua

-- Bootstrap lazy.nvim
local lazypath = vim.fn.stdpath("data") .. "/lazy/lazy.nvim"
if not vim.loop.fs_stat(lazypath) then
    vim.fn.system({
        "git", "clone", "--filter=blob:none",
        "https://github.com/folke/lazy.nvim.git",
        "--branch=stable", lazypath,
    })
end
vim.opt.rtp:prepend(lazypath)

-- Load core config
require("core.options")
require("core.keymaps")
require("core.autocmds")

-- Load plugins
require("lazy").setup("plugins", {
    defaults = { lazy = true },
    install = { colorscheme = { "catppuccin" } },
    performance = {
        rtp = {
            disabled_plugins = {
                "gzip", "matchit", "matchparen",
                "netrwPlugin", "tarPlugin", "tohtml",
                "tutor", "zipPlugin",
            },
        },
    },
})

6. 本周实战任务

6.1 Oil.nvim

安装 Oil.nvim
使用 - 打开目录
练习重命名、新建、删除文件
尝试批量移动文件

6.2 按键映射

整理所有快捷键到分层结构
安装 which-key.nvim
验证按 <leader> 时显示提示

6.3 UI 配置

配置 Lualine 显示 Git 分支和诊断
选择并配置主题
添加缩进线和通知美化

7. 思考题

Oil.nvim 相比 NvimTree 有什么优势?
如何设计可记忆的快捷键体系?
which-key 如何帮助学习快捷键?
状态栏应该显示哪些信息?
如何在多台机器间同步配置?

工作流的一致性是心流的基础. 统一的按键体系让你的手指记住操作, 大脑专注于问题.

W11: 工作流重塑 (Oil & Keymap)

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