W08: 脚本化与 Lua 桥接

let g:my_var = 1     " 全局变量
let b:buffer_var = 2 " 缓冲区局部
let w:window_var = 3 " 窗口局部
let l:local_var = 4  " 函数局部
let s:script_var = 5 " 脚本局部
let $ENV_VAR = 'val' " 环境变量
let &option = 'val'  " 选项
let @a = 'text'      " 寄存器

function! MyFunction(arg1, arg2)
    let l:result = a:arg1 + a:arg2
    return l:result
endfunction

" 调用
echo MyFunction(1, 2)

" 语法: autocmd {event} {pattern} {cmd}

" 保存 Go 文件时自动格式化
autocmd BufWritePre *.go !gofmt -w %

" 针对不同语言设置缩进
autocmd FileType python setlocal shiftwidth=4 tabstop=4
autocmd FileType javascript setlocal shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2

" 进入插入模式时高亮当前行
autocmd InsertEnter * set cursorline
autocmd InsertLeave * set nocursorline

" 自动重载配置
autocmd BufWritePost ~/.vimrc source ~/.vimrc

# macOS
brew install neovim

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install neovim

# 或使用 AppImage (最新版)
curl -LO https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/latest/download/nvim.appimage
chmod u+x nvim.appimage
./nvim.appimage

~/.config/nvim/
├── init.lua              # 入口文件
├── lua/
│   ├── core/
│   │   ├── options.lua   # 选项设置
│   │   ├── keymaps.lua   # 键位映射
│   │   └── autocmds.lua  # 自动命令
│   ├── plugins/
│   │   ├── init.lua      # 插件管理器配置
│   │   ├── lsp.lua       # LSP 配置
│   │   ├── cmp.lua       # 补全配置
│   │   └── telescope.lua # Telescope 配置
│   └── utils/
│       └── helpers.lua   # 工具函数
└── after/
    └── ftplugin/         # 文件类型特定配置
        ├── python.lua
        └── go.lua

-- ~/.config/nvim/init.lua

-- 加载核心配置
require("core.options")
require("core.keymaps")
require("core.autocmds")

-- 加载插件
require("plugins")

-- ~/.config/nvim/lua/core/options.lua

local opt = vim.opt

-- 行号
opt.number = true
opt.relativenumber = true

-- 缩进
opt.tabstop = 4
opt.shiftwidth = 4
opt.expandtab = true
opt.autoindent = true
opt.smartindent = true

-- 搜索
opt.hlsearch = true
opt.incsearch = true
opt.ignorecase = true
opt.smartcase = true

-- 界面
opt.termguicolors = true
opt.signcolumn = "yes"
opt.cursorline = true
opt.scrolloff = 8
opt.splitright = true
opt.splitbelow = true

-- 性能
opt.updatetime = 250
opt.timeoutlen = 300

-- 文件
opt.swapfile = false
opt.backup = false
opt.undofile = true
opt.undodir = vim.fn.stdpath("data") .. "/undo"

-- 系统剪贴板
opt.clipboard = "unnamedplus"

-- ~/.config/nvim/lua/core/keymaps.lua

local keymap = vim.keymap.set
local opts = { noremap = true, silent = true }

-- Leader 键
vim.g.mapleader = " "
vim.g.maplocalleader = " "

-- 快速保存/退出
keymap("n", "<leader>w", ":w<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>q", ":q<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>x", ":x<CR>", opts)

-- 取消搜索高亮
keymap("n", "<Esc>", ":noh<CR>", opts)

-- 窗口导航
keymap("n", "<C-h>", "<C-w>h", opts)
keymap("n", "<C-j>", "<C-w>j", opts)
keymap("n", "<C-k>", "<C-w>k", opts)
keymap("n", "<C-l>", "<C-w>l", opts)

-- 窗口大小调整
keymap("n", "<C-Up>", ":resize +2<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<C-Down>", ":resize -2<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<C-Left>", ":vertical resize -2<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<C-Right>", ":vertical resize +2<CR>", opts)

-- Buffer 导航
keymap("n", "<S-l>", ":bnext<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<S-h>", ":bprevious<CR>", opts)
keymap("n", "<leader>bd", ":bdelete<CR>", opts)

-- 可视模式下移动行
keymap("v", "J", ":m '>+1<CR>gv=gv", opts)
keymap("v", "K", ":m '<-2<CR>gv=gv", opts)

-- 保持可视选择
keymap("v", "<", "<gv", opts)
keymap("v", ">", ">gv", opts)

-- 更好的粘贴 (不覆盖寄存器)
keymap("v", "p", '"_dP', opts)

-- 快速退出插入模式
keymap("i", "jk", "<Esc>", opts)
keymap("i", "jj", "<Esc>", opts)

-- ~/.config/nvim/lua/core/autocmds.lua

local augroup = vim.api.nvim_create_augroup
local autocmd = vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd

-- 进入时高亮 yank
augroup("YankHighlight", { clear = true })
autocmd("TextYankPost", {
    group = "YankHighlight",
    callback = function()
        vim.highlight.on_yank({ higroup = "IncSearch", timeout = 200 })
    end,
})

-- 自动调整窗口大小
augroup("AutoResize", { clear = true })
autocmd("VimResized", {
    group = "AutoResize",
    command = "wincmd =",
})

-- 文件类型特定设置
augroup("FileTypeSettings", { clear = true })
autocmd("FileType", {
    group = "FileTypeSettings",
    pattern = { "python", "rust" },
    callback = function()
        vim.opt_local.tabstop = 4
        vim.opt_local.shiftwidth = 4
    end,
})

autocmd("FileType", {
    group = "FileTypeSettings",
    pattern = { "javascript", "typescript", "json", "yaml", "lua" },
    callback = function()
        vim.opt_local.tabstop = 2
        vim.opt_local.shiftwidth = 2
    end,
})

-- 保存时自动删除行尾空格
augroup("TrimWhitespace", { clear = true })
autocmd("BufWritePre", {
    group = "TrimWhitespace",
    pattern = "*",
    command = [[%s/\s\+$//e]],
})

-- 自动创建目录
augroup("AutoCreateDir", { clear = true })
autocmd("BufWritePre", {
    group = "AutoCreateDir",
    callback = function(event)
        local file = vim.loop.fs_realpath(event.match) or event.match
        vim.fn.mkdir(vim.fn.fnamemodify(file, ":p:h"), "p")
    end,
})

-- 选项设置
vim.opt.number = true           -- 等同于 :set number
vim.opt.tabstop = 4
vim.opt.completeopt = { "menu", "menuone", "noselect" }

-- 全局变量
vim.g.mapleader = " "           -- 等同于 let g:mapleader = " "

-- 缓冲区选项
vim.bo.filetype = "python"      -- 等同于 setlocal filetype=python

-- 窗口选项
vim.wo.number = true            -- 等同于 setlocal number

-- 执行 Vim 命令
vim.cmd("colorscheme default")
vim.cmd([[
    autocmd BufEnter * echo "Hello"
]])

-- 获取/设置变量
local val = vim.fn.expand("%:p")  -- 调用 Vim 函数

" Vimscript
nnoremap <leader>w :w<CR>

-- Lua
vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>w", ":w<CR>", { noremap = true, silent = true })

-- 或使用 callback
vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>w", function()
    vim.cmd("write")
    print("File saved!")
end, { desc = "Save file" })

-- 切换相对行号
vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>tn", function()
    vim.opt.relativenumber = not vim.opt.relativenumber:get()
end, { desc = "Toggle relative numbers" })